Almosi Valley in Tajikistan: Central Asia's first FAO GIAHS site
The Almosi Valley in Tajikistan has been designated as the first site in Central Asia to be included in the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) network. With this addition, the global GIAHS network now encompasses 99 sites across 29 countries and is projected to exceed 100 by October 31, 2025.
Kaveh Zahedi, Director of the FAO Office of Climate Change, Biodiversity and Environment, emphasized the critical role of GIAHS in preserving traditional agricultural systems. He noted that these systems ensure sustainable development and foster harmony with nature, which is particularly vital amidst the ongoing climate crisis and biodiversity loss.
The GIAHS Programme, initiated by FAO in 2002, aims to maintain a balance between nature conservation, adaptation to change, and socio-economic development, thereby assisting farmers and safeguarding traditional knowledge.
The Almosi Valley, nestled within Tajikistan's mountainous landscapes, exemplifies an integrated mountain-pasture system. For centuries, its inhabitants have combined seasonal animal husbandry with the cultivation of grapes (particularly the pink Toifi variety, processed into raisins, syrup, juices, and wines), cereals, fruits, and vegetables, including local wheat and barley varieties. The valley is also known for its Hisori sheep breeding. Despite challenges such as soil erosion and water scarcity, this system ensures food security, preserves agrobiodiversity, and maintains cultural heritage.
Agriculture in Almosi is rooted in centuries-old traditions, including contour planting, organic fertilizers, and ancient irrigation methods designed for water conservation. The indigenous knowledge of the local population is encapsulated in the Muchal calendar, while community governance through mahalla committees, farms, and cooperatives facilitates the transmission of knowledge and cultural continuity.
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